Searching for a harmonious survival: the experience of quality of life of urological cancer survivors.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyze the experience of quality of life for urological cancer survivors. METHODS: This is a qualitative narrative research based on the experience-centered approach. Twenty-one semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 12 survivors of urological cancer at different survival seasons. Participants were recruited from the convenience sampling. The thematic analysis approach was used to analyze the data. The findings are presented as narrative syntheses. The standards for reporting qualitative research (SPQR) were used in this study. RESULTS: Two narrative syntheses were constructed: (1) Rupture in the different dimensions of QoL; and (2) QoL: Searching for a harmonious survival, each presenting their respective sub-themes. After the rupture in the different dimensions of QoL, the survivors resigned themselves and searched for a harmonious survival despite the physical, social, and psychological changes imposed by cancer treatments. Survivors achieved a new meaning of QoL with the support of family, hope, and spirituality. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the changes experienced by survivors in different dimensions of QoL and the search for harmonious survival. Based on QoL experience reported in this study, health professionals can plan survival care and interventions that mitigate the consequences of treatment on QoL.

Masculinidades e rupturas após a penectomia / Masculinidades y rupturas después de la penectomía / Masculinities and ruptures after penectomy

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os significados das masculinidades durante a vivência do câncer peniano e seus tratamentos. Métodos Abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa amparada em referencial teórico da antropologia médica e das masculinidades, com o emprego do método narrativo. Foram entrevistados em profundidade 18 homens com neoplasia peniana em um hospital referência em uro-oncologia do estado de São Paulo. Cada participante foi entrevistado com roteiro de investigação, em média três vezes, sendo as entrevistas audiogravadas, transcritas e analisadas conforme a análise temática indutiva. Resultados Seis participantes realizaram a penectomia parcial e 12 total. Em relação ao estado civil, participaram dois viúvos, dois solteiros, três divorciados e 11 casados, com média de idade de 54 anos. A extirpação do pênis promoveu mudanças significativas na forma como os homens performavam suas masculinidades, sobretudo a hegemônica. Portanto, essa experiência lhes permitiu reinterpretar suas condições de saúde na tentativa de identificar outros elementos hegemônicos que sustentassem suas imagens masculinas. Para alguns foi possível representar um homem inteiro, porém outros se consideram agora meio-homens. Conclusão O adoecimento rompeu com o fluxo biográfico dos participantes, pois antes do câncer peniano a hegemonia os representava como masculinos, entretanto, após a penectomia, eles perdem um órgão que socialmente traz atributos como força, poder, trabalho e virilidade, situação que lhes trouxe a necessidade de reinterpretar o ser masculino em suas culturas. A enfermagem, para promover o cuidado integral ao homem, deve considerar que as masculinidades interferem no processo saúde e doença.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar los significados de las masculinidades durante la vivencia del cáncer de pene y sus tratamientos. Métodos Enfoque cualitativo de investigación respaldado en el marco referencial teórico de la antropología médica y de las masculinidades, con el uso del método narrativo. Fueron entrevistados en profundidad 18 hombres con neoplasia de pene en un hospital de referencia en urología oncológica del estado de São Paulo. Cada participante fue entrevistado con guion de investigación, tres veces en promedio. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas, transcriptas y analizadas de acuerdo con el análisis temático inductivo. Resultados Seis participantes realizaron penectomía parcial y 12 total. Respecto al estado civil, participaron dos viudos, dos solteros, tres divorciados y 11 casados, con un promedio de edad de 54 años. La extirpación del pene generó cambios significativos en la forma como los hombres practicaban su masculinidad, sobre todo la hegemónica. Por lo tanto, esta experiencia les permitió interpretar sus condiciones de salud en el intento de identificar otros elementos hegemónicos que sostengan su imagen masculina. Para algunos fue posible representar un hombre entero, pero otros ahora se consideran medio hombres. Conclusión La enfermedad rompió con el flujo biográfico de los participantes, ya que antes del cáncer de pene, la hegemonía los representaba como masculinos; sin embargo, después de la penectomía, perdieron un órgano que socialmente trae atributos como fuerza, poder, trabajo y virilidad, situación que les produjo la necesidad de reinterpretar el ser masculino en su cultura. Para promover el cuidado integral del hombre, la enfermería debe considerar que las masculinidades interfieren en el proceso salud y enfermedad.

Abstract Objective To analyze masculinity meanings during penile cancer experience and its treatments. Methods Qualitative approach supported in the theoretical framework of medical anthropology and masculinities, with the use of the narrative method. We interviewed in-depth 18 men with penile cancer in a referential Urologic Oncology hospital from the state of São Paulo. Each participant was interviewed on average three times, with a structured script, being the interviews audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed according to the inductive thematic analysis. Results Six patients were submitted to the partial penectomy and 12 to the total penectomy. Regarding the marital status, six were widowers, two single, three divorced, and 11 married, with an average age of 54 years old. The penis extirpation fostered significant change in the way men performed their masculinities, even the hegemonic. Thus, this experience allowed them to reinterpret their health conditions to identify other hegemonic elements that sustained their masculine images. For a few, it was possible to represent a full man however, others considered themselves half-men. Conclusion The illness broke the participant's biographic flow because, before penile cancer, the hegemony represented them as masculines, however, after the penectomy, they have lost an organ that is socially related to attributes such as strength, power, work, and virility, situation that brought them the necessity to reinterpret being masculine in their culture. To promote integrality of care to man the nursing must consider that masculinities interfere in the process of health and disease.

Os sentidos de adoecidos acometidos por câncer de laringe submetidos a laringectomia total / The meaning of sick people affected by laryng cancer submitted to total laryngectomy

Objetivo: desvelar os sentidos do adoecimento por câncer de laringe de adoecidos laringectomizados totais. Método: estudo de caso apoiado na Interpretação das Culturas de Clifford Geertz, realizado a partir do ambulatório de Alta Complexidade em Oncologia localizado na cidade de Belém, Pará, Brasil, com um grupo de 11 homens. Foram realizadas visitas posteriormente ao domicílio dos participantes. A coleta de dados constou de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com posterior análise indutiva de conteúdo. Resultados: foram divididos em duas macrocategorias: "Experiências com a doença" e "Mudanças na vida social, experiências com a imagem corporal e enunciação". A primeira foi relacionada aos sinais, sintomas e busca de tratamento para a doença, a fé religiosa, à família como suporte e a segunda às mudanças na vida social, na enunciação e imagem corporal. Considerações finais: desvelaram-se formas de avaliação para a rouquidão, a busca pelos remédios caseiros, o apoio na religião e na família e um sentimento de incompletude. Além disso, as condutas para reabilitação vocal e social envolvem o estímulo, adaptação e o combate à ansiedade e insegurança quanto à voz esofágica. (AU)

Objective: To reveal the meanings of illness due to laryngeal cancer of patients suffering from total laryngectomy. Methods: Case study supported by Clifford Geertz's Interpretation of Cultures, carried out from the High Complexity outpatient clinic in Oncology located in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazil, with a group of 11 men. Later visits were made to the participants' homes. Data collection consisted of semi-structured interviews, with subsequent inductive content analysis. Results: They were divided into two macro categories: "Experiences with the disease" and "Changes in social life, experiences with body image and enunciation". The first was related to signs, symptoms and seeking treatment for the disease, religious faith, the family as a support and the second to changes in social life, enunciation and body image. Conclusion: Forms of evaluation for hoarseness, the search for home remedies, support in religion and family and a feeling of incompleteness were revealed. In addition, conduct for vocal and social rehabilitation involves stimulating, adapting and combating anxiety and insecurity regarding the esophageal voice. (AU)

Objetivo: Revelar el significado de la enfermedad debida al cáncer de laringe de pacientes con laringectomía total. Métodos: Estudio de caso apoyado por la Interpretación de las Culturas por Clifford Geertz, realizado desde la clínica ambulatoria de Oncología de Alta Complejidad ubicada en la ciudad de Belém, Pará, Brasil, con un grupo de 11 hombres. Posteriormente se hicieron visitas a las casas de los participantes. La recopilación de datos consistió en entrevistas semiestructuradas, con posterior análisis de contenido inductivo. Resultados: Se dividieron en dos macro categorías: "Experiencias con la enfermedad" y "Cambios en la vida social, experiencias con la imagen corporal y la enunciación". El primero estaba relacionado con los signos, síntomas y la búsqueda de tratamiento para la enfermedad, la fe religiosa, la familia como apoyo y el segundo con los cambios en la vida social, el enunciado y la imagen corporal. Conclusión: Se revelaron formas de evaluación de la ronquera, la búsqueda de remedios caseros, el apoyo en la religión y la familia y un sentimiento de incompletitud. Además, las conductas para la rehabilitación vocal y social implican estimular, adaptar y combatir la ansiedad y la inseguridad con respecto a la voz esofágica. (AU)

Contextos etnográficos en la investigación en entornos masculinos / Ethnographic contours in research in male scenarios

Objetivo principal: Describir la experiencia de los investigadores en el desarrollo de investigaciones etnográficas en el contexto de la adopción masculina del cáncer de próstata y de pene. Metodología: Se trata de un relato de experiencia con base en los registros en campo sobre la conducción de dos investigaciones etnográficas, norteadas por el método narrativo y los referentes teóricos de la antropología médica y de las masculinidades. Resultados principales: La experiencia de los investigadores fue sistematizada en tres categorías que presenta los vínculos establecidos entre los investigadores y los participantes, las barreras vividas y las relaciones masculinas durante el desarrollo de las investigaciones. Conclusión principal: Las masculinidades desempeñadas por los participantes hicieron que los investigadores se enfrentaran con limitaciones como el acceso a los hombres enfermos, desde el agendamiento de las entrevistas hasta la ida al entorno domiciliar/familiar, ya que las masculinidades influyeron en el desarrollo de investigaciones científicas cualitativas. (AU)

Objective: To describe the experience of researchers in the development of ethnographic investigations in the context of male illness due to prostate and penile cancer. Methods: This is an experience report based on field diary records about the conduct of two ethnographic researches, guided by the narrative method and the theoretical references of medical anthropology and masculinities. Results: The researchers' experience was systematized into three categories that present the links established between the researchers and the participants, the barriers experienced, and the male relationships during the development of the investigations. Conclusions: The masculinities performed by the participants made researchers face limitations such as access to sick men, from scheduling interviews to going to the home/family environment, that is, masculinities influence the development of qualitative scientific investigations. (AU)

Explanatory models of families of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze how children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and their families explain the pathology, based on their understanding of the factors related to the discovery of diabetes, the etiology, treatment, and prognosis of the disease. METHODS: qualitative methodological approach, based on medical anthropology and the narrative method. In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 families of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus attending follow-up consultations at a specialized center. The statements were subjected to inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: the explanatory models identified describe the families search for the clarification of the signs and symptoms that the child had. Faced with the disease, families reorganized themselves to meet new health care needs of children, such as adequate nutrition, physical exercise, and blood glucose monitoring. Final Considerations: knowing the explanatory models allows the understanding of how families give meaning to the child's illness, favoring daily nursing care and an effective control of the disease.

The experience of health-related quality of life in extended and permanent cancer survivors: A qualitative systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: This qualitative systematic review aims to synthesize qualitative evidence from primary studies on experiencing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in extended and permanent cancer survivors. METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science. It followed guidelines from the statement in the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ). A quality appraisal of each study was undertaken using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Data synthesis was conducted according to the thematic synthesis approach. Confidence in each review finding was assessed using the Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research (Grade-CERQual). RESULTS: Twenty-four studies from nine countries were selected for the final sample. Analysis of the studies' results allowed for the construction of nine descriptive themes that were interpreted into three analytical themes: "The body as a representation of HRQoL," "Living through and beyond cancer: the re-signification of HRQoL," and "Employing resources to improve HRQoL." According to the CERQual approach, moderate confidence estimations were achieved for the results. CONCLUSIONS: The themes reflect that the HRQoL experience is re-signified by survivors from the privilege of being alive. This process happens with the support of social resources, family, hope, and spirituality. Based on the findings, it is suggested that health staff should be able to recognize the impact that cancer survival has on HRQoL and develop a care plan that addresses needs to sustain health in these survivors.

"What I was and what I am": A qualitative study of survivors' experience of urological cancer.

PURPOSE: Most qualitative studies do not explore experience throughout the urologic cancer survival trajectory. Moreover, the evidence of the experience of cancer survivors that focuses on the contextual aspects of culture is scarce in oncology literature. This study aimed to analyze the survival experience of urological cancer from the perspective of men. METHOD: This was a narrative research based on the concepts of culture derived from the interpretative medical anthropologic approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 male survivors of urological cancer at different survival seasons. Seven participants agreed to a second interview, which resulted in 17 interviews. The data were analyzed using a five-phase thematic analysis approach. The findings are presented as narrative syntheses. The standards for reporting qualitative research (SPQR) was used in this study. RESULTS: Two narrative syntheses were constructed: "The journey of urological cancer: discovering oneself as a survivor" and "What I was and what I am today": the disruption on the body and life. The narrative synthesis shows that survivors undergo transitions of identity from being healthy men to wrecked men. The survivors tried to present themselves as normal men to keep their masculinity intact. However, the experience of survival constituted a process of liminality and biographical disruption. CONCLUSION: The experience of surviving urological cancer has highlighted the physical, emotional, and social challenges experienced by these male survivors. It is recommended to oncology nurses that nursing care should be planned along survival seasons considering the survivors' individual and subjective experiences.

Explanatory models of families of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus / Modelos explicativos de las familias de niños con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 / Modelos explicativos das famílias de crianças com diabetes mellitus tipo 1

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze how children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and their families explain the pathology, based on their understanding of the factors related to the discovery of diabetes, the etiology, treatment, and prognosis of the disease. Methods: qualitative methodological approach, based on medical anthropology and the narrative method. In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 families of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus attending follow-up consultations at a specialized center. The statements were subjected to inductive thematic analysis. Results: the explanatory models identified describe the families search for the clarification of the signs and symptoms that the child had. Faced with the disease, families reorganized themselves to meet new health care needs of children, such as adequate nutrition, physical exercise, and blood glucose monitoring. Final Considerations: knowing the explanatory models allows the understanding of how families give meaning to the child's illness, favoring daily nursing care and an effective control of the disease.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar como niños con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 y sus familias explican la patología, a partir de la comprensión que poseen sobre los factores relacionados a la descubierta del diabetes, etiología, tratamiento y pronóstico de la enfermedad. Métodos: abordaje metodológico cualitativo, fundamentado en la antropología médica y método narrativo. Se han realizado entrevistas en profundidad con 12 familias de niños con diabetes mellitus tipo 1en seguimiento en un centro especializado. Se ha sometido las narrativas al análisis temático inductivo. Resultados: los modelos explicativos identificados describen la búsqueda de las familias por el esclarecimiento de los señales y síntomas que el niño presentaba. Delante de la enfermedad, las familias se reorganizaron para atender a las nuevas necesidades de cuidados de salud de los niños, como alimentación adecuada, práctica de ejercicios físicos y seguimiento glucémico. Consideraciones Finales: conocer los modelos explicativos permite comprender como las familias ha dado sentido a la experiencia de la enfermedad del niño, favoreciendo el cuidado diario de enfermería y el efectivo control de la enfermedad.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar como crianças com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 e suas famílias explicam a patologia, a partir da compreensão que possuem sobre os fatores relacionados à descoberta do diabetes, etiologia, tratamento e prognóstico da doença. Métodos: abordagem metodológica qualitativa, fundamentada na antropologia médica e método narrativo. Realizaram-se entrevistas em profundidade com 12 famílias de crianças com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 em seguimento em um centro especializado. Submeteram-se as narrativas à análise temática indutiva. Resultados: os modelos explicativos identificados descrevem a busca das famílias pelo esclarecimento dos sinais e sintomas que a criança apresentava. Diante da doença, as famílias se reorganizaram para atender às novas necessidades de cuidados de saúde das crianças, como alimentação adequada, prática de exercícios físicos e monitorização glicêmica. Considerações Finais: conhecer os modelos explicativos permite compreender como as famílias dão sentido à experiência do adoecimento da criança, favorecendo o cuidado diário de enfermagem e o efetivo controle da doença.

Explanatory models of families of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus / Modelos explicativos de las familias de niños con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 / Modelos explicativos das famílias de crianças com diabetes mellitus tipo 1

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze how children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and their families explain the pathology, based on their understanding of the factors related to the discovery of diabetes, the etiology, treatment, and prognosis of the disease. Methods: qualitative methodological approach, based on medical anthropology and the narrative method. In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 families of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus attending follow-up consultations at a specialized center. The statements were subjected to inductive thematic analysis. Results: the explanatory models identified describe the families search for the clarification of the signs and symptoms that the child had. Faced with the disease, families reorganized themselves to meet new health care needs of children, such as adequate nutrition, physical exercise, and blood glucose monitoring. Final Considerations: knowing the explanatory models allows the understanding of how families give meaning to the child's illness, favoring daily nursing care and an effective control of the disease.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar como niños con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 y sus familias explican la patología, a partir de la comprensión que poseen sobre los factores relacionados a la descubierta del diabetes, etiología, tratamiento y pronóstico de la enfermedad. Métodos: abordaje metodológico cualitativo, fundamentado en la antropología médica y método narrativo. Se han realizado entrevistas en profundidad con 12 familias de niños con diabetes mellitus tipo 1en seguimiento en un centro especializado. Se ha sometido las narrativas al análisis temático inductivo. Resultados: los modelos explicativos identificados describen la búsqueda de las familias por el esclarecimiento de los señales y síntomas que el niño presentaba. Delante de la enfermedad, las familias se reorganizaron para atender a las nuevas necesidades de cuidados de salud de los niños, como alimentación adecuada, práctica de ejercicios físicos y seguimiento glucémico. Consideraciones Finales: conocer los modelos explicativos permite comprender como las familias ha dado sentido a la experiencia de la enfermedad del niño, favoreciendo el cuidado diario de enfermería y el efectivo control de la enfermedad.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar como crianças com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 e suas famílias explicam a patologia, a partir da compreensão que possuem sobre os fatores relacionados à descoberta do diabetes, etiologia, tratamento e prognóstico da doença. Métodos: abordagem metodológica qualitativa, fundamentada na antropologia médica e método narrativo. Realizaram-se entrevistas em profundidade com 12 famílias de crianças com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 em seguimento em um centro especializado. Submeteram-se as narrativas à análise temática indutiva. Resultados: os modelos explicativos identificados descrevem a busca das famílias pelo esclarecimento dos sinais e sintomas que a criança apresentava. Diante da doença, as famílias se reorganizaram para atender às novas necessidades de cuidados de saúde das crianças, como alimentação adequada, prática de exercícios físicos e monitorização glicêmica. Considerações Finais: conhecer os modelos explicativos permite compreender como as famílias dão sentido à experiência do adoecimento da criança, favorecendo o cuidado diário de enfermagem e o efetivo controle da doença.

Transitory masculinities in the context of being sick with prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE: to interpret the meanings attributed by men with prostate cancer to the experience regarding their bodies and masculinities during illness. METHOD: ethnographic research with 17 men, guided by the narrative method and theoretical framework of medical anthropology and masculinities. The information was collected through recorded interviews, direct observation and field diary records, which were analyzed by inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: men undergo body and identity transformations when they get sick with prostate cancer, transiting through multiple masculinities, resigning their actions, and occupying subordinate positions in relation to other healthy bodies, which are marginalized in their social relationships and allied with regard to establishing their affective relationships. CONCLUSION: this evidence enhances and deepens the knowledge disclosed in the literature and contributes to the strengthening of nursing care actions when dealing with the sick.

Uso e abuso de drogas entre universitários e a sua interface com as políticas públicas / Drug use and abuse among university students and their interface with public policies / Uso y abuso de las drogas entre los universitarios y su interfaz con las políticas públicas

OBJETIVO: analisar o significado do uso e do abuso de álcool e/ou de outras drogas entre os universitários em consonância com as políticas públicas brasileiras sobre drogas. MÉTODO: participaram 49 universitários de uma Instituição Pública de Ensino Superior da região Sudeste do Brasil. RESULTADOS: pela Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin elaborou-se a categoria analítica: "Dissonância entre as políticas públicas e o significado do uso de drogas entre universitários". O uso e o abuso de drogas inicia-se na adolescência; estimulado pelos familiares e amigos, e remete à felicidade e à fuga dos problemas. CONCLUSÃO: é fundamental conhecer o significado do uso e do abuso de drogas, sob a ótica do universitário para a elaboração e a implementação de políticas públicas.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the meaning of the use and abuse of alcohol and /or other drugs among university students in accordance with Brazilian public policies on drugs. METHOD: 49 university students from a Public Institution of Higher Education in the Southeast region of Brazil participated. RESULTS: Bardin's Content Analysis elaborated the analytical category: "Dissonance between public policies and the meaning of drug use among university students". Drug use and abuse begin in adolescence; Stimulated by family and friends, and refers to the happiness and flight of problems. CONCLUSION: it is fundamental to know the meaning of drug use and abuse, from the perspective of the university for the elaboration and implementation of public policies.

OBJETIVO: analizar el significado del uso y abuso de alcohol y otras drogas entre los estudiantes Universidad en línea con Brasil las políticas públicas sobre drogas. MÉTODO: los participantes fueron 49 estudiantes de una institución pública de educación superior en la región sureste de Brasil. RESULTADOS: el análisis de contenido de Bardin elaboraran categoría analítica era: "Disonancia entre política públicas y el significado del uso de drogas entre los estudiantes universitarios." El uso y abuso de drogas comienza en la adolescencia; alentado por familia y amigos, la felicidad y el escape de los problemas. CONCLUSIÓN: es imprescindible conocer el significado del uso y abuso de drogas, desde la perspectiva de la Universidad para el desarrollo y la implementación de políticas públicas.

Embodied hegemonies: moral dilemmas in the onset of prostate cancer. / Hegemonias corporificadas: dilemas morais no adoecimento pelo câncer de próstata.

OBJECTIVE: To interpret the meaning attributed to men's experience regarding their body during the development of prostate cancer. METHOD: Ethnographic study carried out with men and guided by the narrative method and the theoretical frameworks of medical anthropology and the anthropology of masculinities. Information was obtained through recorded interviews, direct observation, and logs from a field journal, which were examined using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Seventeen men participated in the study. During the process of falling ill with prostate cancer, the male bodies were ruled by moral experiences that influenced the way men conducted their relationship with their health and multifaceted masculinity, standing for hegemonic cultural principles and identity affirmation moral dilemmas, which were interpreted with the meaning of embodiment. CONCLUSION: During the development of the disease, men experience bodily, social, and moral dilemmas that threaten the hegemonic masculinity. Understanding them can help professionals deal with this population.

Masculinities of prostate cancer survivors: a qualitative metasynthesis.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the production of knowledge in the health literature about masculinities in the context of prostate cancer survivors and to analyze the implications of this relationship for the maintenance of health care. METHOD: Metasynthesis of 21 qualitative studies, performed in the LILACS, MEDLINE and CINAHL databases, with the scientific descriptors of DeCS and MeSH terms masculinity, prostate neoplasms. RESULTS: Illness due to prostate cancer imposes numerous changes in male relationships, especially the non-dominance of the body and vulnerability to treatments and their consequences. The cultural values surrounding the disease and the hegemonic behaviors have implications for the health care of men. CONCLUSION: It has been shown that this relationship makes it difficult to communicate about the disease, marital relationships and family support, mainly influencing neglect of health. The knowledge produced is useful to promote the engagement of men in strengthening care.

Masculinities of prostate cancer survivors: a qualitative metasynthesis / Masculinidades de supervivientes de cáncer de próstata: una metassíntesis cualitativa / Masculinidades de sobreviventes de câncer de próstata: uma metassíntese qualitativa

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the production of knowledge in the health literature about masculinities in the context of prostate cancer survivors and to analyze the implications of this relationship for the maintenance of health care. Method: Metasynthesis of 21 qualitative studies, performed in the LILACS, MEDLINE and CINAHL databases, with the scientific descriptors of DeCS and MeSH terms masculinity, prostate neoplasms. Results: Illness due to prostate cancer imposes numerous changes in male relationships, especially the non-dominance of the body and vulnerability to treatments and their consequences. The cultural values surrounding the disease and the hegemonic behaviors have implications for the health care of men. Conclusion: It has been shown that this relationship makes it difficult to communicate about the disease, marital relationships and family support, mainly influencing neglect of health. The knowledge produced is useful to promote the engagement of men in strengthening care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar la producción de conocimiento en la literatura de la salud sobre las masculinidades, en el contexto de los sobrevivientes del cáncer de próstata, y analizar las implicaciones de esta relación para el mantenimiento de la atención de salud. Método: Metassíntesis de 21 estudios cualitativos, realizada en las bases de datos LILACS, MEDLINE y CINAHL, con los descriptores científicos del DeCS y MeSH terms masculinidad, neoplasias de la próstata. Resultados: La enfermedad por el cáncer de próstata impone innumerables cambios en las relaciones masculinas, sobre todo el no dominio del cuerpo y la vulnerabilidad frente a los tratamientos y sus consecuencias. Los valores culturales alrededor de la enfermedad y los comportamientos hegemónicos, traen implicaciones para el cuidado de la salud de los hombres. Conclusión Se evidenció que esta relación dificulta la comunicación sobre la enfermedad, las relaciones conyugales y el apoyo familiar, influenciando principalmente la negligencia con la salud. El conocimiento producido resulta ser útil para promover el compromiso de los hombres en el fortalecimiento de los cuidados.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar a produção de conhecimento na literatura da saúde sobre as masculinidades, no contexto dos sobreviventes do câncer de próstata, e analisar as implicações desta relação para a manutenção dos cuidados de saúde. Método: Metassíntese de 21 estudos qualitativos, realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e CINAHL, com os descritores científicos do DeCS e MeSH terms masculinidade, neoplasias da próstata. Resultados: O adoecimento pelo câncer de próstata impõe inúmeras mudanças nas relações masculinas, sobretudo o não domínio do corpo e a vulnerabilidade frente aos tratamentos e suas consequências. Os valores culturais entorno da doença e os comportamentos hegemônicos, trazem implicações para o cuidado a saúde dos homens. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se que esta relação dificulta a comunicação sobre a doença, as relações conjugais e o apoio familiar, influenciando principalmente a negligência com a saúde. O conhecimento produzido revela-se útil para promover o engajamento dos homens no fortalecimento de cuidados.

Determinantes sociais de pacientes com neoplasia peniana / Social determinants of patients with penile neoplasia

Objetivo: descrever os determinantes sociais dos pacientes diagnosticados com câncer de pênis atendidos em um hospital universitário. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo e retrospectivo, em que se procedeu à busca pelas características dos adoecidos atendidos entre os anos de 1982 e 2013. Analisaram-se e se tabularam os dados pela estatística descritiva, após a apresentação em tabelas e figuras. Resultados: compôs-se o estudo por 107 pacientes, entre estes, prevaleceu a idade média de 63,7 anos, casados, com cor da pele branca e ensino fundamental completo e aposentados. Conclusão: conclui-se que os determinantes sociais podem servir de base para que o enfermeiro oncológico identifique grupos vulneráveis e, assim, estabelecer medidas preventivas e educação em saúde para aqueles que estão em risco da doença.(AU)

Objective: to describe the social determinants of patients diagnosed with penile cancer treated in a university hospital. Method: this is a quantitative, descriptive and retrospective study, in which the characteristics of the patients treated between 1982 and 2013 were searched. The data was analyzed and tabulated by descriptive statistics, after the presentation in tables and figures. Results: the study was composed by 107 patients, among these, the average age of 63.7 years prevailed, married, with white skin color and complete primary education and retirees. Conclusion: it can be concluded that social determinants can serve as a basis for the oncology nurse to identify vulnerable groups and, thus, establish preventive measures and health education for those who are at risk of the disease.(AU)

Objetivo: describir los determinantes sociales de los pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer de pene atendidos en un hospital universitario. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y retrospectivo, en que se procedió a la búsqueda por las características de los enfermos atendidos entre los años 1982 y 2013. Se analizaron y se tabularon los datos por la estadística descriptiva, después de la presentación en tablas y figuras. Resultados: se compuso el estudio por 107 pacientes, entre éstos, prevaleció la edad media de 63,7 años, casados, con color de la piel blanca y enseñanza básica completa y jubilados. Conclusión: se concluye que los determinantes sociales pueden servir de base para que el enfermero oncológico identifique a grupos vulnerables y, así, establecer medidas preventivas y educación en salud para aquellos que están en riesgo de la enfermedad.(AU)

Os sentidos da sobrevivência ao câncer: da perda do autocontrole ao otimismo e esperança / The meanings of cancer survival: from loss of self-control to optimism and hope / Los sentidos de la supervivencia al cáncer: de la pérdida de autocontrol al optimismo y la esperanza

OBJETIVO: interpretar os sentidos atribuídos à sobrevivência ao câncer entre adoecidos adultos e idosos. MÉTODO: estudo exploratório com abordagem qualitativa com método narrativo e referencial da antropologia médica. Participaram do estudo 14 indivíduos adultos e idosos que já haviam concluído o tratamento primário há pelo menos três meses em um hospital universitário e que tinham o diagnóstico de câncer urológico (bexiga, próstata, rim, testículo). Realizou-se entrevista semiestruturada no domicílio dos participantes no período de outubro de 2014 a novembro de 2015 e após transcrição foram analisados segundo análise temática indutiva. RESULTADOS: após análise e interpretação dos dados obtiveram-se duas principais categorias - da perda do autocontrole e a incerteza da recorrência da doença à vigilância do corpo; e o segredo da sobrevivência ao câncer: o sentimento de otimismo e esperança. CONCLUSÃO: após interpretação dos sentidos ficou evidente que a sobrevivência ao câncer é um processo permeado por perda do autocontrole, incerteza, medo da recorrência, associado a multimorbidade e vigilância, mas que cedo ou tarde pode conduzir o sobrevivente do câncer a um crescimento pessoal, atribuindo mais valor à sua vida e sendo otimista.(AU)

Objective: to interpret the meanings attributed to cancer survival among sick adults and the elderly. Method: exploratory study with qualitative approach with narrative and referential method of medical anthropology. Fourteen adult and elderly individuals who had completed primary treatment for at least three months in a university hospital and had a diagnosis of urological cancer (bladder, prostate, kidney, testis) participated in the study. A semi-structured interview was conducted at the participants' homes from October 2014 to November 2015 and after transcription were analyzed according to inductive thematic analysis. Results: after analysis and interpretation of the data, two main categories were obtained - from loss of self-control and uncertainty of disease recurrence to body surveillance; and the secret of cancer survival: the feeling of optimism and hope. Conclusion: After interpretation of the senses it became evident that cancer survival is a process permeated by loss of self-control, uncertainty, fear of recurrence, associated with multimorbidity and vigilance, but that sooner or later it may lead the cancer survivor to personal growth, attaching more value to your life and being optimistic.(AU)

Objetivo: interpretar los significados atribuidos a la supervivencia al cáncer entre enfermos adultos y adultos mayores. Método: estudio exploratorio de enfoque cualitativo con método narrativo y referencial de la antropología médica. En el estudio participaron catorce personas adultas y de edad avanzada que habían completado el tratamiento primario durante, al menos, tres meses en un hospital universitario y tenían un diagnóstico de cáncer urológico (vejiga, próstata, riñón, testículos). Se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada en los hogares de los participantes entre octubre de 2014 y noviembre de 2015 y, después de su transcripción, los datos se analizaron de acuerdo con el análisis temático inductivo. Resultados: luego del análisis e interpretación de datos, se obtuvieron dos categorías principales: desde la pérdida de autocontrol y la incertidumbre de la recurrencia de la enfermedad hasta la vigilancia corporal; y el secreto de la supervivencia al cáncer: el sentimiento de optimismo y esperanza. Conclusión: después de la interpretación de los sentidos, se hizo evidente que la supervivencia al cáncer es un proceso impregnado de pérdida de autocontrol, incertidumbre, miedo a la recurrencia, asociado con la multimorbilidad y la vigilancia, pero que tarde o temprano puede llevar al sobreviviente al crecimiento personal, valorado más la vida y siendo optimista.(AU)

Hegemonias corporificadas: dilemas morais no adoecimento pelo câncer de próstata / Hegemonías corporificadas: dilemas morales en enfermización por el cáncer de próstata / Embodied hegemonies: moral dilemmas in the onset of prostate cancer

RESUMO Objetivo Interpretar o significado atribuído à experiência do homem sobre o seu corpo durante o adoecimento pelo câncer de próstata. Método Pesquisa etnográfica com homens norteada pelo método narrativo e pelos referenciais teóricos da antropologia médica e das masculinidades. As informações foram colhidas por meio de entrevistas gravadas, observação direta e registros em diário de campo, os quais foram analisados pela análise temática indutiva. Resultados Participaram da pesquisa 17 homens. Durante o adoecimento pelo câncer de próstata, os corpos masculinos foram regidos por experiências morais que influenciaram a maneira como os homens guiaram sua relação com a saúde e sua masculinidade multifacetada, defendendo preceitos culturais hegemônicos e dilemas morais de afirmação de sua identidade, os quais foram interpretados com o significado de corporeidade. Conclusão Durante o adoecimento, os homens vivenciam dilemas corporais, sociais e morais que ameaçam a masculinidade hegemônica. A compreensão destes pode auxiliar os profissionais a lidar com esta população.

RESUMEN Objetivo Interpretar el significado atribuido a la experiencia del hombre acerca de su cuerpo durante la enfermización por el cáncer de próstata. Método Investigación etnográfica con hombres orientada por el método narrativo y por los marcos de referencia teóricos de la antropología médica y las masculinidades. Las informaciones fueron recogidas mediante entrevistas grabadas, observación directa y registros en diario de campo, los que fueron analizados por el análisis temático inductivo. Resultados Participaron en la investigación 17 hombres. Durante la enfermización por el cáncer de próstata, los cuerpos masculinos fueron regidos por experiencias morales que influenciaron la manera cómo los hombres guiaron su relación con la salud y su masculinidad multifacética, defendiendo preceptos culturales hegemónicos y dilemas morales de afirmación de su identidad, los que fueron interpretados con el significado de corporeidad. Conclusión Durante la enfermización, los hombres vivencian dilemas corporales, sociales y morales que amenazan la masculinidad hegemónica. La comprensión de esos dilemas puede auxiliar a los profesionales a trabajar con esta población.

ABSTRACT Objective To interpret the meaning attributed to men's experience regarding their body during the development of prostate cancer. Method Ethnographic study carried out with men and guided by the narrative method and the theoretical frameworks of medical anthropology and the anthropology of masculinities. Information was obtained through recorded interviews, direct observation, and logs from a field journal, which were examined using inductive thematic analysis. Results Seventeen men participated in the study. During the process of falling ill with prostate cancer, the male bodies were ruled by moral experiences that influenced the way men conducted their relationship with their health and multifaceted masculinity, standing for hegemonic cultural principles and identity affirmation moral dilemmas, which were interpreted with the meaning of embodiment. Conclusion During the development of the disease, men experience bodily, social, and moral dilemmas that threaten the hegemonic masculinity. Understanding them can help professionals deal with this population.

Patient, cured, victim or survivor of urological cancer? A qualitative study.

PURPOSE: to describe the meanings that patients attribute to the term cancer survivor and to analyze the identities assumed by them according to their experience with the disease. METHODS: qualitative study with a narrative method, theoretical framework of the medical anthropology and identity concept. The study included 14 participants, men and women, diagnosed with urologic cancer. The semi-structured interviews were performed at the individual's home, after confirming participation. RESULTS: eight participants assumed to be survivors, but five also assumed at least one other identity, in addition to cancer survivor. In contrast, among the six who defined themselves as cured, only one indicated another identity. Four considered themselves as victims and only two as cancer patients. However, the latter - cancer patient and victim - assumed at least one other associated identity. CONCLUSIONS: allowing patients to reflect on themselves and their experience with the disease, as well as attributing themselves a new identity, will be directly related to the wellbeing and momentum the survivor is going through. Therefore, it can direct care in the cancer survivorship phase according to each survivor's individual context.

Care provided by the father to the child with cancer under the influence of masculinities: qualitative meta-synthesis / Cuidado paterno del hijo con cáncer bajo la influencia de las masculinidades: metasíntesis cualitativa / Cuidado paterno ao filho com câncer sob influência das masculinidades: metassíntese qualitativa

ABSTRACT Objective: To synthesize and interpret findings and conclusions of qualitative research addressing the experience of the father in the care of the child with cancer. Method: Meta-synthesis of 16 qualitative studies from six databases, analyzed through taxonomic analysis. Results: Child and adolescent cancer have several repercussions on the daily life of the father, especially related to the stigma around the disease, the fear of the unknown and the social and family role. Faced with the illness and the need to care for the child, the father seeks to recover normality in the family and transitions between hegemonic masculine behaviors and practices culturally recognized as female. Final Considerations: The complex experience of the father, influenced by masculinities, was evidenced. The limitations regard the restricted understanding of the contextual specificities of the experiences, due to the limited characteristics of the parents and children described in the studies. The knowledge produced is useful to promote involvement of fathers in the care of the child, as well as to strengthen and assist him in this task.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Sintetizar e interpretar resultados y conclusiones de investigaciones cualitativas sobre la experiencia del padre en el cuidado del hijo con cáncer. Método: Metasíntesis de 16 estudios cualitativos recogidos en seis bases de datos y examinados mediante análisis taxonómica. Resultados: El cáncer infantojuvenil repercute considerablemente en la vida cotidiana del padre, sobre todo con relación al estigma de la enfermedad, al miedo a lo desconocido y al papel social y familiar. Ante la enfermedad y la necesidad de cuidar del hijo, el padre busca rescatar la normalidad en la familia y transita entre comportamientos hegemónicamente masculinos y prácticas reconocidas culturalmente como femeninas. Consideraciones finales: Se puso en evidencia la compleja experiencia paterna influenciada por las masculinidades. Las limitaciones se refieren a la estricta comprensión de las especificidades contextuales de las experiencias por las escasas características de los padres e hijos descritos en los estudios. El conocimiento producido puede llegar a ser útil para promover el compromiso paterno en el cuidado del hijo, así como fortalecerlo y ayudarlo en esta tarea.

RESUMO Objetivo: Sintetizar e interpretar resultados e conclusões de pesquisas qualitativas sobre a experiência do pai no cuidado do filho com câncer. Método: Metassíntese de 16 estudos qualitativos capturados em seis bases de dados e analisados por meio da análise taxonômica. Resultados: O câncer infantojuvenil impõe inúmeras repercussões ao cotidiano do pai, sobretudo relacionadas ao estigma da doença, ao medo do desconhecido e ao papel social e familiar. Diante da doença e da necessidade de cuidado do filho, o pai busca resgatar a normalidade na família e transita entre comportamentos hegemonicamente masculinizantes e práticas reconhecidas culturalmente como femininas. Considerações finais: Evidenciou-se a complexa experiência paterna influenciada pelas masculinidades. As limitações referem-se à restrita compreensão das especificidades contextuais das experiências, pelas escassas características dos pais e filhos descritas nos estudos. O conhecimento produzido revela-se útil para promover o engajamento paterno no cuidado do filho, bem como fortalecê-lo e auxiliá-lo nesta tarefa.

Care provided by the father to the child with cancer under the influence of masculinities: qualitative meta-synthesis.

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize and interpret findings and conclusions of qualitative research addressing the experience of the father in the care of the child with cancer. METHOD: Meta-synthesis of 16 qualitative studies from six databases, analyzed through taxonomic analysis. RESULTS: Child and adolescent cancer have several repercussions on the daily life of the father, especially related to the stigma around the disease, the fear of the unknown and the social and family role. Faced with the illness and the need to care for the child, the father seeks to recover normality in the family and transitions between hegemonic masculine behaviors and practices culturally recognized as female. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The complex experience of the father, influenced by masculinities, was evidenced. The limitations regard the restricted understanding of the contextual specificities of the experiences, due to the limited characteristics of the parents and children described in the studies. The knowledge produced is useful to promote involvement of fathers in the care of the child, as well as to strengthen and assist him in this task.